'You might ask the obvious question, "Thyroid nodules are found in 67% of the population. What is causing this?" I would suggest that the most likely explanation is subclinical iodine deficiency in the population. Iodine deficiency causes thyroid enlargement (goiter), thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer appears linked to Iodine deficiency in both animal models and humans. Studies have shown that iodine deficiency is associated with increased anaplastic thyroid cancer, the aggressive type unresponsive to treatment and associated with high mortality rate. Population studies in which iodine supplementation was given showed reduced mortality from thyroid cancer. Incidentally, this reduced mortality was also associated with an increase in well differentiated papillary cancers, again suggesting the papillary type to be associated with a better outcome.'
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